The former player: 'I really wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article contains details of discriminatory language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union brought his career to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news came out that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and accept that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect sufficient evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable attention on diversity and diversity in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a environment of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has in-person training on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the production of the film, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to reach children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as excellent as it can be and the longer I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will become about discussing their own stories as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the horns and continue bearing this banner and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022